Central to Ostrom’s research was the development of the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, a tool she and her colleagues designed to analyze the complex interactions between individuals, communities, and the institutions they create to manage resources. The IAD framework allowed researchers to explore the variety of ways in w

  Elinor Ostrom, born on August 7, 1933, in Los Angeles, California, was a renowned political economist who revolutionized the study of how communities manage their shared resources. Her work challenged traditional economic theories and offered new insights into collective action, governance, and the management of common-pool resources. In

Estée Lauder passed away in 2004, but her legacy lives on in the company she founded. Her commitment to quality, innovation, and personal service continues to shape the Estée Lauder brand. Over the years, the company has expanded its portfolio to include some of the world’s most iconic beauty brands, including Clinique, MAC Cosmetics, Bobbi Bro

Estée Lauder’s success was built on a foundation of innovation and high-quality products. The brand was among the first to embrace advertising and marketing techniques that were innovative for the time. In the 1950s, Estée began launching advertising campaigns, using print ads in magazines and offering free samples, an approach that was revolut