The IAD framework was not limited to studying common-pool resources. It also proved to be a valuable tool for analyzing a wide range of public goods, collective action problems, and governance systems. Ostrom’s approach highlighted the importance of understanding the social, political, and economic contexts in which institutions operate. This contributed to a shift in political economy and governance research, leading to greater attention to the role of institutions in shaping outcomes.
Empirical Fieldwork and Case Studies
One of Ostrom’s most significant contributions to political economy was her use of empirical fieldwork to test and refine her theories. She conducted in-depth studies of a wide range of case studies, focusing on communities that managed their resources in diverse ways. Some of her most famous case studies included the management of water resources in Nepal, irrigation systems in Spain, and fisheries in the United States.
These case studies revealed that communities could manage their resources in a variety of ways, using informal rules and norms as well as formal institutions. Ostrom identified key design principles that successful governance systems shared, including clear boundaries, collective decision-making, graduated sanctions for rule violators, and the ability to adapt to changing conditions. Her work underscored the importance of local knowledge and the capacity for self-organization in managing common-pool resources effectively. shutdown123